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What is an EPC?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) indicates how efficiently a property uses energy for heating, lighting and hot water. Every home sold or rented in the UK should have a valid EPC. For landlords, this certification matters as rental values are tied directly to the EPC grades. Tenants are also increasingly expecting cost-efficient homes. A stronger rating implies lower running costs, fewer complaints and higher long-term rental appeal.
How EPC ratings are calculated
During an EPC assessment, the assessor reviews the building’s build and key systems that influence heat retention and energy use. This includes insulation on the roofs, walls and floors, glazing type, heating and hot-water systems, fixed lighting and any renewable installations. The findings are processed through the UK government’s standard calculation tool and the final grades range from A, which is the most efficient, to Grade G, which is the least. The certificate further highlights suggested improvements to improve the score.
What an EPC report contains
An EPC certificate includes the property’s energy-efficiency rating, a benchmark for comparison, an itemised list of recommended upgrades and the projected impact of each measure. This report also contains the floor area details, date of issue, reference number and the estimated energy costs based on the current configuration. These are details that will help your potential tenants quickly understand features like heating performance, running costs and the scale of potential improvements.
EPC’s validity
An EPC is valid for 10 years unless the government introduces new rules. Landlords are required to have a current certificate before marketing a rental. If landlords carry out significant upgrades to the rental property, such as installing new heating systems or insulation, it’s best to get a new EPC that will accurately reflect the improvements and strengthen the unit’s rental demand.
Cost of obtaining an EPC in London
The price of an EPC varies by size, layout and location. In London, however, assessments can cost between £60 and £120. Larger homes can incur higher costs. Newly built properties often require a different assessment method, which is usually priced higher than the standard rates. Landlords have the option to choose any certified assessor, but should ensure they are registered and independent.
Legal requirements for landlords
Currently, rental properties in London require an EPC rating of E or above. Homes with a rating of F or G cannot legally be rented until improvements are completed and the rating is improved. Landlords should provide the certificate when advertising and at the start of any tenancy. Upon non-compliance, penalties may apply (of up to £5,000).
Typical EPC ratings by property age
Average ratings differ by age and type. For instance, homes built after 2012 gin most cases get a B rating and constructions between the mid-1980s and 2012 often fall within the C band. Properties made ready before the 1980s, especially the ones over a century old, sit in the D-E range (unless upgraded). Apartments perform better than detached homes due to lower heat loss.
Ways to improve EPC scores
In simple words, raising an EPC rating involves reducing heat loss and improving system efficiency. Common measures include cavity or solid-wall insulation, loft insulation to a minimum depth of 270mm, floor insulation, upgraded glazing and draught-proofing around doors and windows. Additional upgrades can be done around insulating hot-water cylinders and pipes, fitting LED lighting, installing smart thermostats and replacing outdated boilers. Solar panels or heat pumps are renewable systems and can enhance ratings.
Costs of upgrading for C EPC rating
The cost of achieving a C rating varies. Many contemporary apartments require minimal work, which is often focused on lighting or heating controls. Older properties, on the other hand, may need more substantial upgrades, such as insulation or heating replacement, with estimated costs commonly around £5,000. Landlords should ideally plan early to avoid a last-minute rush.
Who can produce an EPC?
Only qualified Domestic Energy Assessors registered on the official EPC register can issue certificates. The assessment is non-intrusive; however, landlords must provide access to all areas of the property. After inspection, the assessor will submit data, generate a certificate and upload it to the central database.
When to renew EPC?
Landlords should renew the EPC when letting a property for the first time, after any major energy-related upgrades or if any old certificate reflects outdated information. Renewing this certificate early strengthens the unit’s marketing position and reduces compliance risks.
Benham & Reeves can help
Benham & Reeves can arrange accredited assessors, review EPC results and outline the most cost-effective upgrades needed to meet current or upcoming standards. Through our property management service, we also help discerning landlords coordinate improvement works, monitor compliance deadlines and maintain rental eligibility.